Key Changes Introduced by the Constitution of Zambia (Amendment) Act No. 13 of 2025
Introduction
On 18 December 2025, Zambia enacted the Constitution of Zambia (Amendment) Act No. 13 of 2025, ushering in one of the most consequential constitutional reforms since the adoption of the 2016 Constitution.
The amendments introduce fundamental changes to Zambia’s electoral system, parliamentary composition, executive conduct during elections, and local government structures, with far-reaching implications for governance, democracy, and the rule of law.
This article provides a clear, structured legal overview of the key amendments and what they mean for citizens, political actors, and institutions.
- Introduction of the Mixed-Member Proportional Representation System
One of the most significant reforms is the introduction of a mixed-member proportional representation (MMPR) electoral system.
How the new system works
Elections to the National Assembly and local councils will now be conducted using two systems simultaneously:
First-Past-The-Post (FPTP) for constituency-based Members of Parliament and ward councillors; and
Proportional Representation (PR) seats reserved for women, youths, and persons with disabilities.
Legal significance
This reform is aimed at:
Enhancing inclusivity and diversity in elected bodies
Addressing long-standing under-representation of marginalised groups
Aligning Zambia with modern democratic electoral practices
- New Composition of the National Assembly
The Amendment repeals and replaces Article 68 of the Constitution, clearly redefining the structure of Parliament.
Current composition
The National Assembly now consists of:
226 constituency-based Members of Parliament
40 proportional representation Members of Parliament, broken down as follows:
20 women
15 youths
5 persons with disabilities
Nominated Members of Parliament (capped at 5% of constituency-based MPs)
The Vice-President, Speaker, and Deputy Speakers
Why this matters
The reform strengthens representative democracy while limiting excessive executive influence through nominations.
- Ministers Must Vacate Office 90 Days Before Elections
A critical governance reform introduced under Articles 116 and 117 provides that:
The office of a Minister; and
The office of a Provincial Minister
automatically becomes vacant ninety (90) days before a general election.
Purpose of the amendment
This provision:
Prevents abuse of executive office during election periods
Promotes electoral fairness and integrity
Creates a level playing field for all political contestants
- Changes to Nominations and Electoral Procedures
The Amendment also revises:
Nomination requirements for presidential, parliamentary, and local government candidates
Procedures for situations where a candidate withdraws, is disqualified, or dies after nomination
Electoral dispute resolution, granting institutions power to both hear and determine matters
These changes improve clarity, certainty, and efficiency in electoral administration.
- Parliament Dissolution Before General Elections
The Constitution now provides that:
Parliament stands dissolved 90 days before the next general election,
However, Members of Parliament are deemed to have served until the day before elections.
This ensures continuity while respecting electoral timelines.
- Reforms Affecting Local Government
The Amendment further restructures:
The composition of councils
Eligibility criteria for mayors and council chairpersons
Direct election of mayors and chairpersons
Reduction of certain tenure periods to enhance accountability
Conclusion
The Constitution of Zambia (Amendment) Act No. 13 of 2025 marks a decisive shift towards inclusive representation, electoral integrity, and stronger democratic governance.
Its implementation will significantly influence:
Electoral outcomes
Parliamentary composition
Executive conduct
Public confidence in Zambia’s constitutional order
How Patrick Chulu Legal Practitioners Can Assist
At Patrick Chulu Legal Practitioners (PC|LP), we provide:
Constitutional law advisory
Electoral and governance compliance guidance
Litigation and dispute resolution relating to constitutional and electoral matters
📍 Lusaka, Zambia
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